清末民间抗粮与乡族势力

清代后期,民间规避赋税的行为日趋激烈,不仅有一般的贫民参加,更有许多地主、乡绅等乡族势力从中推波助澜,从而使清代后期的赋役征收及民间的抗粮斗争,呈现出错综复杂的局面,民间抗粮与官府统治权力彼此消长.乡族势力在与国家政权争夺权益的时候,必须控制在一定的限度之内.当国家政权统治比较稳固的时候,乡族势力能够相对地约束自己和配合政权的统治;而当国家政权社会控制能力下降的时候,乡族势力就能更多地操纵地方事务并且侵蚀国家政权的权益.国家政权与乡族势力的复杂关系,无疑应当引起人们的重视.

Tax Resistance and the Power of Community-Lineage in the Late Qing Dynasty

During the late Qing dynasty,there was a sharp increase in tax evasion among poor peasants and many members from the so called re-lineages delegation such as landlords,gentry.The situation of the levy of taxes and corvee by government and the resistance to pay grain tax among the people became more and more complicated.This paper,by using government documents as well as private sources from south Min area in late Qing,tries to discuss the interplay of the rise and fall between the power of the reign of government and the resistance to paying grain tax among the people.The members from the re-lineages delegation inclined not to go beyond the limits and cooperated with the reign of government when the reign of the imperial government was relatively stable.However,they took control of most local affairs when imperial strength was weak,thus they gradually embezzled the rights of state.When we study the social and political changes and political revolution in the late Qing dynasty,it is important to pay attention to the complicated relationship between the imperial government and the local society.