清末广东巡警的创建与官绅关系

近代警察制度的引进自始即有地方绅权伸张的背景,1900年广州绅商最早设立巡警局。针对地方绅权的扩展,广东官方一面积极参与巡警的创建,力图控制新兴的警察力量,同时又设法利用新的警察制度收归原有的地方团练。而官方的过多干预,却挫伤了地方士绅的积极性。因为经费等问题,广东巡警之创建并不顺利,成效不彰;又因为盗匪问题,地方团练反而得以发展。1907年“警保局”在省城出现,官权不得不向绅权让步。

The Establishment of the Patrol Police System and the Government-Gentry Relationship in Canton of Late Qing Dynasty

The patrol police bureau was first established by the gentry and merchants of Guangzhou in 1900,and the introduction of modern police system was sustained by the power of the local gentry from the very beginning.Due to the expansion of the power of local gentry,the government took active part in the establishment of the patrol police system in order to control this newly-born police power,and attempted to merge the existing local military power into the police system.The interference from the government dampened the enthusiasm of the local gentry.Moreover,due to the lack of funds,the establishment of the police system was neither smooth nor fruitful.The local military power also developed on account of bandit problems at that time.In 1907 the Police and Security Bureau came into existence in Guangzhou,which was a further indication of the government authority's yielding to the power of the gentry.