转型时期的社会冲突与契约的私人强制执行——一个新制度主义分析视角

转型时期频发的社会冲突和利益抗争行为本质上反映了财产权得不到有效保护以及为维护契约权益进行的强制执行问题.由于契约的不完备以及缔约方机会主义行为导致契约履行存在困难,而政府机构以及国家代理人出于自利等原因,国家有时无法有效履行作为正式第三方的职责.因此,契约权益受损方有可能通过自身力量或寻求非正式第三方私人强制执行方式.私人强制执行是对国家强制执行供应不足的一种创造性反映,能够在一定程度上起到保护交易方产权的积极作用,但只能补充而不能替代国家作为第三方执行的作用.

Social Conflicts in Transition Period and Contractual Private Enforcement:A New Institutionalism Perspective

Social conflicts and interests struggles,which frequently broke out in transition period,essentially reflected the property right can not be protected and the enforcement problems for preserving contract rights.The incompleteness of contract and opportunism behavior of contracting party lead to the difficulties in contract implement.Because of the self-interest of government institutions as well as national agents and other reasons,the state can not effectively fulfill the obligations as an official third party.Therefore,the aggrieved party will seek an informal third-party or by itself to enforce contracts.Private enforcement,which is a creative reflection to the insufficient supply of state enforcement,can protect property rights,however,it can only complement but not replace the enforcement function of the state as the third party.