家庭农场土地流转合同期满续约过程中的利益博弈

获得适度规模、集中成片的土地是家庭农场生存和发展的前提和基础,在农村土地“三权分置”法律政策下,家庭农场主对通过土地经营权流转集中起来的土地仅享有债权性质的经营权,如果农户在土地流转合同期限届满时选择不续签合同,那么,家庭农场主轻则面临“钉子户”问题,重则丧失全部土地而破产。因此,地权稳定性是家庭农场可持续发展的一个重要指标。在土地流转合同期限届满续期时,家庭农场主和农户都有各自的潜在利益诉求,土地流转合同续期能否实现是双方博弈的结果。利用博弈模型法,基于研究假设条件,建立博弈收益函数,挖掘不同主体在土地流转合同期满续约过程中的利益诉求、冲突表现及矛盾根源,推算出预期社会效果成为均衡策略时需要满足的前置条件。研究发现,最终的均衡策略既要满足农户的土地流转收益需求,又不能让农场主的用地成本负担过重。故而,通过签订土地流转收益动态调整型合同,在家庭农场主和农户之间构建起“紧密的利益共同体”关系,使得农户决定续签土地流转合同与否和收益的增量挂钩。因土地流转收益存在着“阈值”,因而还应考虑家庭农场主的投资回收问题。

Benefit Game Between Family Farms and Other Farmers When the Land Transfer Contract Expires and the Contract Needs to Be Renewed

By the content analysis of the life courses of 39 outstanding new professional farmers in 19 provinces,it is found that there are five types of their growth trajectory:folding hook type,inverted ladder type,V type,ladder type and N type.There are certain differences because of different sources and different generations.The reason is that the dynamic support for the lifelong development of new professional farmers is insufficient;the individual subjective initiative of new professional farmers has been given full play;government support and leading role should be continued to strengthen;the timing to cultivate new professional farmers has not been properly grasped;the related interest subjects that influence the growth of new professional farmers are widely distributed. In view of the above situation,the cultivation strategies of the new professional famers are put forward:strengthening the leading power of the government and enhancing the occupational attraction of new professional farmers;absorbing young and outstanding groups to strengthen the new forces of new professional farmers;attaching importance to the actual human and local needs,and grasping the opportunity of cultivating new professional farmers.