美国师德问责体系的结构、特点及启示——基于德克萨斯州的经验

美国德克萨斯州历来重视教育工作者的职业道德建设，建立了一系列教育工作者违规行为问责机制，形成了较为完善的师德问责体系。美国德克萨斯州的师德问责体系具有独特的结构与特征。颁布《教育工作者伦理规范》，使问责有法可依；设立专门机构，使问责主体明确；细化教师违规行为，使问责有据可凭；强调证据证词，使问责合理科学；重视结果多样，使问责责罚分明。这些对于促进我国师德问责的规范化、制度化发展有着积极的借鉴意义。

The Structure, Characteristics and Enlightenment of the Accountability System of American Teachers' Ethics: Based on Texas Experience

Texas in the United States has always attached great importance to the construction of teachers'' professional ethics, established a series of teacher accountability mechanisms, and formed a relatively complete system of teacher ethics accountability. The accountability system of teachers in Texas has its unique structure and characteristics, such as the Promulgated Educators'' Code of Ethics to make the accountability legal, special institutions to make the accountability subject clear, refined teachers'' anomie behavior to make the accountability credible, an emphasis on evidence testimony to make the accountability reasonable and scientific diversity of results to make the accountability and punishment clear. These have positive reference significance for promoting the standardization and institutionalization development of teachers'' moral accountability in China.