宅基地退出对农户收入的影响——基于倾向得分匹配(PSM)的反事实估计

基于宅基地退出试点区安徽金寨县626户农户的微观调研数据,在考虑样本选择偏差和农户异质性基础上,运用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)分析宅基地退出对农户收入的影响。结果发现:宅基地退出对农户经营性收入有负向影响,对农户工资性收入和家庭总收入有正向影响;农户宅基地退出,一方面通过缩小耕地经营面积、提高农业生产成本和减少亩均收入降低其经营性收入,另一方面通过增加外出务工人数、提高外出务工时长提升其工资性收入;由于农户工资性收入增加强度大于其经营性收入降低强度,故对其家庭总收入有正向影响;此外,不同教育背景、年龄段农户宅基地退出后收入变化存在差异,因此,应增强宅基地退出就业帮扶政策针对性,宣传宅基地退出政策的增收效应,实施差别化的宅基地退出政策安排。

How A Communist Party Branch in China to Lead Cooperatives:Taking Xigou Village in Shandong Province as An Example

Based on the micro-samples of 626 households in Jinzhai county,Anhui province,considering the sample selection bias and the heterogeneity of farmers,this paper uses the propensity score matching method(PSM)to empirically analyze the impact of farmers’homestead withdrawal on their income and its mechanism of action.The conclusions show that the farmers’behavior of quitting rural residential land has a negative impact on their operating income,and a positive impact on their wage income and family income.The farmers’behavior of quitting rural residential land can reduce their operating income by reducing the scale of agricultural operation,increasing agricultural operating cost and reducing yield per unit area.However,it can increase their wage income by increasing the number of family members working outside and increasing the working hours.As the increase range of their wage income are larger than the decrease range of operating income,farmers’behavior of quitting rural residential land has a positive impact on their total family income.There are differences in income changes of farmers with different educational backgrounds and ages after farmers quitting rural residential land.Finally,some countermeasures are put forward,such as strengthening the pertinence of the policies on employment assistance in the farmers’behavior of quitting rural residential land,publicizing the effect of income increase and implementing differentiated policy arrangements.