惩罚性赔偿制度的理论定位与适用范围

惩罚性赔偿乃补偿性民事责任之重要而有益的补充,某种意义上,惩罚性赔偿制度甚至可称为现当代侵权法发展的一个方向。中国在欺诈性消费合同、恶意不签劳动合同、产品责任领域严重侵权、恶意违反执行程序等领域,应坚持在有法律明文规定的情况下适用惩罚性赔偿制度。惩罚性赔偿金额以所造成损失的2倍赔偿为宜,环境侵权领域和知识产权侵权领域在当前尚不宜适用惩罚性赔偿。

Theoretical Orientation and Applicable Limitation about Punitive Compensation

Punitive compensation is important and beneficial for civil compensatory liability. To some extent way, punitive compensation can be seen as the trend to develop the tort law. In China, we should apply the punitive compensation under the legal provision in these ways: consumptive contract with fraudulent intention, rejecting to sign labor contract with malicious intention, serious tort in product obligation, withholding order of civil procedure with malicious intention. The amount of punitive compensation should be under the double amount of the damages. It is not essential to stipulate the punitive compensation in environmental tort and intellectual property tort in current days.