“民族形式”：1939～1942中国文学“现代性”方案的新想象

1939年－1942年，延安文艺界发起了“民族形式”论争。与此相应，国统区的“新启蒙运动”“战国策派”等也对“五四”新文艺进行了再评价。讨论中，向林冰的“民间形式中心论”、胡风的彻底否定“旧形式”均受到批评；周扬则提出在“五四”新文艺基础上，整合旧形式、创制更有包容性的“民族形式”的折中方案。《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》是对“民族形式”论争的总结和回答，是以“抗战建国”为核心提出的一整套建立现代民族国家的文学现代性方案。“民族形式”的论予实际构成了中国当代文学、包括赵树理崛起的初始情境。

＂National form＂： the new imagination of Chinese literary modernistic scheme （1939-1942）

From 1939-1942, a controversy on ＂national form＂ was initiated from literary and art circles of Yan＇an. At the same time, the critics of ＂New Enlightenment＂ and ＂ZhanGuoCe＂ have re-estimated the May 4th new literature. In the controversy, the point of ＂centered around old forms＂ by Xiang Linbing and the complete negation to old forms by Hu Feng were all criticized, Zhou Yang presented a middle scheme of＂national form＂ which was based on the May 4th new literature and integrated the old forms. 〈Talks at the Yah＇an Forum on Literature and Art〉 was the answer and summary to the controversy on ＂national form＂ which was a literary modernistic scheme to build a modern national country centered around ＂resistance against aggression and rebuilding a new China＂. Actually, the controversy on ＂national form＂ is the original context of Chinese contemporary literature and the emerging of Zhao Shuli.