论现代环境伦理观的恰当性——从“生态中心主义”到“可持续发展”到“制度转型期”

现代环境伦理学应包括两大问题 ,即“人与自然之间的伦理关系”与“受人与自然关系影响的人与人之间的伦理关系”。本文据此对现代环境伦理学中主要流派的观念恰当性进行评论。首先基于对“内在价值”概念的剖析 ,比较了生态中心主义与人类中心主义 ,并指出生态中心主义的理论意义以及它在发达国家中的实践意义。接着从对“人与人关系”的处理着眼 ,比较了可持续发展伦理观与生态中心主义 ,指出生态中心主义的局限性与可持续发展伦理观的广泛可接受性 ,并且提出了一种基于可持续发展伦理观的“理性生态经济人”行为模式。本文最后讨论了中国经济制度转型期中环境伦理观的选择 ,指出其优先需要的是环境意识启蒙以及有利于提高与落实环境意识的一系列行动纲领

On the Validity of Concepts of Modern Environmental Ethics From Ecocetrism to Ethics of Sustainable Development, Ethics for the Period of Economic Institution Transformation

Modern environmental ethics is understood to contain two issues, i e , the moral relation between human beings and nature, and the moral relation within human beings This paper firstly presents a comment on the validity of ecocentrism and anthropocentrism Based of an explanation of the intrinsic value concept, the theoretical significance of ecocentrism and its practical significance to developed countries are recognized Secondly,a comparison is made between ecocentrism and the ethics of sustainable development, orientating at the moral relation within human beings The limitation of ecocentrism and a wide acceptability of the ethics of sustainable development are deliberated, and a human behavior pattern, called "Rational Eco-Economic Human", is proposed At last, the paper provides a discussion of China's choice of environmental ethics at the period of economic institution transformation The priority of the period is the enlightenment of environmental awareness and an implementation of acting programs