生态人类学述略

文化人类学在20世纪初叶就已经开始的对社会关系与生态环境之间相互作用关系的研究,20世纪60年代发展成为文化人类学的一个分支学科--生态人类学。该学科聚焦于文化与生态环境之间的关系研究。人类今天所面对的资源危机,是由复杂的经济、社会、人口、制度和政治条件造成的,地球资源的稀缺界限取决于人类的文化,稀缺是一个文化概念。自然资源本身具有多样性,需要人类在文化多样性基础上模塑出人类生计方式多样性,人类生计方式的多样性也必然会创造出利用资源的多元化途径来。因此,生态人类学研究虽然起步较晚,但已逐渐发展成为一门显学,它肩负的使命是其它学科不可替代的。

Brief Review on Ecological Anthropology

The research of mutual function between social relationship and eco-environment has been started in the realm of cultural anthropology early at the beginning of 20th century and in sixties it had become a branch of cultural anthropology-eco-anthropology,which focuses its research on the relationship between culture and eco-environment.Resource crisis man facing today is caused by multi-conditions such as complicated economic,social,population,systematic and political ones.The scarcity limitation of geographical resource is determined by human culture,and scarcity is a cultural conception.Natural resources is of versatile features which requires versatility of means of living of human imitation on the basis of versatile human culture and pluralist ways of using resources will come out of human means of living.So though the study of eco-anthropology started late,yet it has become an influential subject and has a task unplaced by others.