指类句的修辞性嬗变

指类句可加以改造而获得特定修辞效果,"全都……,只有……"这一句式就是一例。此类修辞效果是通过"全都……"增强语句的语义信息到极致获得反衬,继而通过"只有……"突显例外现象实现的。指类句是对一类事物属性的隐性全称量化,同时又容忍例外现象。对指类句的元语用分析表明,在元语用层次,理解指类句的认知机制、指类句理解的心理逻辑和语言使用的会话修辞逻辑使得这种改造成为可能。

The Rhetoric Transmutation of Generic Sentences

Generic sentences can be exploited to create the rhetoric effect,which is exemplified by the construction "全都(all)……,只有(only)……".The rhetoric effect is achieved by strengthening semantic information to the highest degree through using "全都(all)",and then highlighting the exception indicated by "只有(only)".The exploitation of generic sentences is motivated by the fact that generic sentences generalize the property of a class while they tolerate exceptions.An in-depth meta-pragmatic analysis of the generic sentences can illuminate how the seeming semantic contradiction is solved and how the rhetoric effect is realized.It is suggested that on the meta-pragmatic level,the cognitive mechanism and the psychological logic in construing generic sentences,and the argumentation logic in language use,make the modification possible.