德性幸福与功利幸福的双峰并峙——荀子的幸福形态

荀子承续"孔颜之乐"所奠定的儒家德性幸福传统,始终坚持了德性至上原则。但与孔孟主要侧重于精神之"乐"的幸福观有所不同,荀子明显地提升了功利幸福在儒家幸福中的地位,进一步确认了功利幸福的合法性、合理性。荀子的幸福观无法摆脱德性幸福与功利幸福的内在紧张,但荀子致力于调解德性幸福与功利幸福的对峙状态,最终也实现了二者在一定意义上的融合,从而完成了儒家幸福观由"一枝独秀"到"双峰并峙"的折变。

Twin Peaks of Virtuous Happiness and Utilitarian Happiness: Happiness Forms of Xunzi

Xunzi inherits the tradition of Confucianism virtuous happiness which has been established by "the Happiness of Confucius-yanhui",and insists on the principle of the priority of virtue.But it is different from Confucius and Mencius's outlook of happiness,which primarily focused on 'le' of the spirit.Xunzi obviously promotes the position of utilitarian happiness in Confucianism happiness,and further confirmed the legitimacy and rationality of utilitarian happiness.Xunzi's outlook of happiness cannot get rid of the internal tension between virtuous happiness and utilitarian happiness.But he devotes himself to meditating the confrontation of virtuous happiness and utilitarian happiness.Finally,Xunzi in a sense makes the integration of the two realized,and thus completed the conversion of Confucianism outlook of happiness from "one school dominating" to "twin peaks towering".