论汉代公羊学的夷夏之辨

夷夏之辨是汉代公羊学理论的重要组成部分。从公羊学的奠基之作《公羊传》,到形成公羊学的关键人物董仲舒,再到公羊学的集大成者何休,他(它)们的夷夏观具体反映了这一理论的发展轨迹。《公羊传》继承了先秦儒家严夷夏之别的思想,却凸显了礼义文化这一区分夷夏的标准;董仲舒发展了《公羊传》的思想,不但对夷夏的分辨更为精细,强调“从变从义”,而且从王者一统的角度肯定德化四夷的必要性;何休对公羊学的夷夏之辨所作的发展,则是将其历史“三世”说与夷夏之辨相结合,用一种历史发展的观点来看待夷夏关系,肯定“太平”之世是一个没有夷夏之别的天下一统的社会。

On the Differentiation Between Cathay and Barbarians of Han Dynasty's Gongyangxue

The differentiation between Cathay and barbarians is an important part of the theory of Han Dynasty s Gongyangxue. The theory of Gongyangxue is vividly reflected from its foundation works Gongyangzhuan to the key figure Dong Zhongshu and its epito-mizer He Xiu. Gongyangzhuan inherited Xian Qin' s Confucian thought to differ barbarians from Cathay strictly, but it emphasized rites as a standard to differ the two groups. Dong Zhongshu developed Gongyangzhuan' s idea by not only differing the two groups in a stricter way, emphasizing "the ground of change and rites", but also endorsed the necessity of moralizig the minorities from the perspective of unity. Combining his 'Sanshi with the differentiation between Cathay and babrnarians, He Xiu studied the relationship in a historical way and agreed that the degree of Taiping is a united world where there is no prejudice towards the so -called barbarians.