两种理论视野下的西欧穆斯林政治参与问题探析

20世纪60年代以来,穆斯林已经成为西欧社会不容忽视的现实存在,但是在政治参与方面,穆斯林远未能有效参与西欧各国的政治进程。穆斯林人口在种族、经济地位等方面的多样性是其有效参与政治的内在障碍。从资源动员理论和政治机会结构理论的分析可以发现,穆斯林对公民权、政治精英、参政渠道等政治资源的占有不足,加之欧洲殖民心理遗产的影响、欧洲的世俗化政策、伊斯兰恐惧症、外部穆斯林世界的影响等多种因素,共同构成了影响穆斯林广泛参与西欧政治生活的重要原因。

An Analysis of Political Participation of Muslims in Western Europe

Since the 1960's,a large number of Muslim immigrants have poured into European countries,and Muslims population has existed in the Western Europe society.But the Muslims are far from fully participating in the political process of Western European countries.The diversity among the Muslim population in the issues such as ethnic origins and social-economic status seems to be the inherent barriers of the political participation.From the visions of resource mobilization theory and political opportunity structure theory,it can be found that insufficient occupation of the political resources such as citizenship,political elite,along with the influence of the heritage of the European colonial mentality,the secular policy of Western European governments,Islam phobia,as well as the external Muslim world becomes the main reason to influence the Muslim population's participation on Western European political process.