案件质量评估语境下的审判管理改革——基于上诉发改率指标管理的实证分析

全国法院开展的案件质量评估,以及各地高、中级法院对下级法院开展的"绩效考核",是审判管理改革的重要探索。上诉案件发回重审改判率(简称上诉发改率)是案件质量评估中最重要的指标。基于"二审裁判结果是一审案件质量的直观反映"的评估原理,上诉发改率即成为评价一审法院案件质量的重要标准。通过调研分析发现二审发回重审和改判案件并非都系一审裁判错误所致,新证据、新事实、自由裁量事项、其他各种不可归咎于一审法院的原因等,都可能导致二审发回重审或改判。现有的案件质量评估机制未能合理区分二审改判和发回重审的具体原因,只能将二审发回重审和改判案件一律纳入计算,这样势必会影响以上诉发改率为依据的案件质量评估的准确性和科学性,相应地也必然会影响管理行为的有效性。破解这一实践难题的路径是构建案件质量评估数据区分与审核机制,即完善裁判机制与统计机制,建立审核机制与申辩机制,不断推进审判管理改革的完善与创新,使审判管理行为更具科学性和实效性。

Judicial Management Reform under the Context of Quality Assessment for Legal Cases:an Experimental Analysis Based on Index Management of the Ratios ofRemanding Case and Changing the Original Judgment

It is a useful trial for the quality management reform to carry out quality assessment for legal cases and to check the achievement evaluation in every court.As an important fair index,the ratio of remanding case and changing the original judgment is a standard for the quality of the judgment,because the result of second sentence is the reflection of the quality of first judgment.According to analysis,the investigation found that the reason for remanding is not all the misjudgment by the local courts,but they maybe find some new evidences,facts and free discretion standards.The present evaluation mechanism of quality of judgment can not tell the reason for remanding,and the ratio of remanding covers all cases which remand the lower court to make a new trial,so it is inaccurate and non-scientific.In order to solve the present problem,the article tries to probe an approach to evaluate the quality of judgment by composing the establishment of data pool of quality of judgment and auditing mechanism,which means that the new approach will evaluate the quality of judgment by using the evaluation mechanism and statistic data,as well as auditing mechanism and due process.The article tries to promote this effective and scientific approach to improve the reform of judicial management.