劳动力市场分割、人力资本投资与收入回报

使用中国省级层面劳动力市场分割数据,结合中国综合社会调查（CGSS）微观数据,考察了中国劳动力市场分割对人力资本投资及其回报的影响。研究表明:（1）劳动力市场分割会显著降低人力资本投资水平。（2）在人力资本投资水平较低时,劳动力市场分割有助于提高人力资本回报,但在人力资本水平高于临界值时,劳动力市场分割会降低人力资本回报。（3）市场分割会显著影响女性、农村劳动者的人力资本投资回报水平,但是对男性、城镇劳动者人力资本投资回报的影响不显著。政策启示是:从短期看,"一刀切"的市场分割保护政策虽然在一定程度上可以提高低素质劳动者的收入,但并不利于高素质劳动力实现资源的优化配置,如何实现低素质劳动力充分就业和高素质劳动力自由流动是政策制定者需要考虑的重要问题;市场分割会降低劳动者的人力资本投资,从长期看,不利于劳动者收入水平的提升和社会地位的提高,鼓励劳动力自由流动,坚持人力资本提升战略才能从根本上提升劳动者的收入回报。

Labor Market Segmentation, Human Capital Investment and Income

This paper analyzed the effect of labor market segmentation on human capital investment and its return using Chinese provincial labor market segmentation data and Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data. The results showed that:(1)labor market segmentation will significantly reduce human capital investment;(2)labor market segmentation will improve the return of human capital when human capital is low, while it will reduce the return of human capital when human capital is high;(3)market segmentation will significantly improve the return of human capital of female and rural workers rather than male and urban workers. The policy enlightenment of this paper is that although the "one size fits all" market segmentation policy can improve the income of lower-skilled workers, while it is at the expense of poorer allocation efficiency of higher-skilled workers. How to protect lower-skilled workers and improve the mobility of higher-skilled workers is what policymakers need to consider. Meanwhile, it will reduce human capital investment which is not helpful to improving workers'' income and social status from a long-term perspective. Encouraging workers'' free movement and human capital promotion can fundamentally improve workers'' income.