宋人本朝军政体制论争试探

以强干弱枝、将从中御和以文制武三大原则为主要内容的宋代军政体制,主旨在于防范武将,其对军队战斗力的负面影响是明显的,在宋与辽、夏、金等战争中更多有具体表现。作为历史当事者的宋人,也多有论争、批评和改革的倡议。但出于对武将的成见,防范武将的思路在朝野上下居于主导地位,始终是宋代政治生活的基本语境和主流话语之一,遂导致多数改革倡议或流于空谈,或收效寥寥,陷入"急则谋之,缓则忘之"的恶性循环。宋对外"积弱"的被动格局也始终未能改变。

Debates in the Song dynasty on its military-political system

The Song dynasty's military-political system followed three principles,namely, strengthening the stem and weakening the branches; control of generals by the emperor; and control of generals by civil officials. On the one hand, the purport of this system was understood as to avert generals’ power, but on the other hand, the system had a negative affect on the army's battle effectiveness, which bore evidence in Song's warfare with Liao, Xia and Jin. As the party of history, people of the Song dynasty had many debates, criticisms and advisements of reform. But a prejudice against generals prevailed in the thinking of both the government and the commonalty, contributing to the basic context and mainstream discourse in the Dynasty's political life. As a result, the passive pattern of "accumulated weakness" in foreign affairs remained throughout the Dynasty.