居民出行方式选择影响因素的研究述评

居民出行方式选择事关家庭能源消费,对于节能减排目标实现具有重要影响。基于个体、群体两个对象,从主观、客观两个视角梳理了居民出行方式选择行为的主要影响因素,并深入阐明了各影响因素的概念、相互联系及作用机制。研究发现,目前该领域的研究趋势正在由主观因素转变到客观因素,从个体因素转变到群体因素,且存在以下不足之处:若干心理变量的解释和作用机制仍存在争议;缺乏行为的社会网络构建和扩散分析;过度依赖经典的“刺激-反应”行为主义模式和“成本-收益”的理性决策架构;缺乏由行为到态度等心理变量的逆向反馈分析。未来应结合中国国情,通过系统学和社会网络的方法探究居民出行方式选择的动机、实施、强化、约束、反馈、路径及扩散等动态过程,并引入实验法来加强引导政策的研究。

A Review of the Influencing Factors of Residents'Travel Mode Choice

Residents'' travel mode choice,a matter of household energy consumption,has a significant impact on achieving the energy saving and emission reduction target. Basing on the individual and the collective objectors as well as the subjective and the objective perspectives,this paper summarizes the main influencing factors of residents''travel mode choice and clarifies these concept,interaction,mechanism. We find more and more studies are focusing on the objective and the collective perspectives rather than the subjective and the individual perspectives. The existing research have some limitations such as the controversy of the interpretation and mechanism of some psychological factors,a lack of the construction and diffusion analysis based on social network,over-reliance on the classic "stimulus-response" behavioral mode and the "cost-benefit" rational decision-making structure,a lack of the negative-direction and feedback analysis from behavior to psychological factors. Our findings suggest that future studies should explore dynamic processes of the motivation,implementation,enhancement,constraint,feedback,path and diffusion on travel mode choice by use of systematics and social network analysis in accordance with China''s conditions,and introduce experimental methods to the enhancement of policy interventions.