要素比价扭曲、过度资本深化与劳动报酬比重下降

资本深化与劳动报酬占国内生产总值的比重变化的关系,从理论上说,只有当要素替代弹性大于1时,或者发生了资本偏向的技术进步,在资本深化过程中,劳动报酬比重会出现下降趋势。在中国现有体制背景下,影响劳动报酬比重的资本深化表现归结为四个方面:(1)经济发展、产业结构变迁;(2)转轨经济的增长方式扭曲了要素价格,提高了要素替代弹性;(3)要素价格扭曲使不同所有制经济部门倾向不同的技术进步方式;(4)资源资本化进程中的资源价格重估和再定价。在经济发展的特定阶段,资本深化导致劳动报酬比重一定程度的下降虽然不可避免,但是要素市场价格扭曲、技术进步的偏向以及金融过度深化导致的资源加速资本深化,从而带来的中国劳动报酬比重过快下降是需要矫正的。矫正的关键在于:推进政府主导型市场经济继续向市场经济转轨,健全要素市场以矫正要素比价扭曲,改善国民收入分配及再分配格局,促进经济发展方式转变。

Distortion of Factor Relative Price,Capital Over-Deepening and Decline in the Labor Share

This paper is based on the determination of labor share in the framework of neoclassical economics, analysis the reason of the continuing decline of labor share along with capital-deepening in the recent 15 years.We believe that on the particular stage of economic development,the decline of labor share result from capital-deepening is inevitable,but the rapid decline of labor share in China induced by distortion of factor price,biased technological progress and resource acceleration capital-deepening caused...