美国汇率倾销指控之合法性分析

2007年6月美国财政部认定中国未操纵汇率后,舒默议案以及7月美参议院财政委员会通过的对汇率存在根本性偏差国家实施反倾销惩罚的一系列议案又试图将汇率与贸易挂钩,以汇率为由触发反倾销措施以改善中美贸易失衡的现状。尽管世贸规则承认征收反倾销税的做法,但是根据1994年WTO《反倾销协议》中关于实施反倾销措施的规定,世贸组织框架下是否对某一产品征收反倾销税是需要逐案进行调查取证的,笼统地根据所谓汇率偏离等理由推论一国所有出口商品都存在倾销进而征收反倾销税,显然是不妥的。

Analysis on the Legitimacy of Dumping Allegations of the United States Due to the Exchange Rate

This June,the United States Treasury has found out that China did not manipulate the exchange rate.However,the Schumer's Bill and the bills passed this July say that if a nation's exchange rate has fundamentally deviated then anti-dumping penalties can be inflicted on its purpose to connect the anti-dumping measures with the exchange rate in order to improve the current situation of Sino-US trade imbalance.Although rules of the WTO recognize anti-dumping duties,according to the 1994 WTO Anti-dumping Agreement,under the WTO framework an anti-dumping tax needs case-by-case investigation and evidence-collection.That is to say,it is clearly inappropriate to infer that all exports of a country exist dumping generally under a so-called exchange rate reason.