论道家在宋明新儒学形成与演变中的作用

在宋明新儒学形成和演变过程中 ,道家起到了十分重要的催化作用 :北宋儒学家借助于道家本体思维模式对传统儒学进行新的诠释 ,创立了理学这一儒学新形态 ;南宋朱熹继续借助道家本体思维对原始儒学和北宋新儒学进行综合提升 ,集理学之大成 ;明初儒学家在程朱理学渐趋僵化之际 ,适时地吸收了道家思想以改造理学 ,使理学过渡为心学 ;明中叶王阳明对儒佛道思想进行融会贯通 ,集心学之大成 ;明代中后期 ,由于王门后学大量引用道家思想及佛教禅学来改造阳明心学 ,致使心学性质逐渐发生变化 ,终至解体。

The Role of Taoism in the Formation and Evolution of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties

Taoism played a promoting role in the formation and evolution of the Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Confucians introduced the Taoist ontological thinking into traditional Confucianism and founded the Rationalistic School of Confucianism, which was developed to full maturity by Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty. Then with the help of Taoist ideas the Confucians in the early Ming Dynasty reformed the already rigid Rationalistic School and developed it into the Mind School, which reached its zenith in the Mid-Ming Dynasty in the hands of Wang Yangming, who integrated Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. In the later Ming Dynasty, the successors of Wang Yangming tried to reform the Mind School with the ideas of Taoism and Zen Buddhism, resulting in the change of Yang-ming' doctrine and therefore the degeneration of the Mind School.