死缓适用条件的梳理与评析

死刑缓期执行与死刑立即执行是死刑执行的两种方式，两者的适用条件至今学界观点异彩纷呈，但学界的诸
多观点均不能达致完满。在现行的刑法框架内寻求死缓适用条件的路径应坚持先后不同的位阶顺序：“罪行极其严
重”是死刑适用的一般条件；而犯罪人的人身危险性程度是区隔死刑立即执行与死刑缓期执行的分界线。“罪行极其
严重”应从客观危害上框定死刑适用的一般条件，遵循行为刑法原理；而犯罪人的人身危险性程度应从主观情节上予
以考量，遵循行为人刑法原理。通过对犯罪人的人身危险性程度的评估，并通过最高人民法院的司法解释或颁布指导
性案例等予以把控死缓适用的实质标准。

An Analysis of Applicable Conditions of Death Penalty with Reprieve

In the academic circle，viewpoints differ widely about the applicable conditions of suspension of execution and
immediate execution of death penalty，and many fail to achieve perfection. The path of seeking applicable conditions of death
penalty with reprieve in the framework of current criminal law should adhere to different orders: extremely serious crimes are
the general condition of death penalty application and the degrees of dangerousness of offenders are the boundary to distinguish
immediate execution and suspension execution of death penalty. When dealing with extremely serious crimes the principle of
behavior criminal law should be followed and the general conditions of death penalty should be defined on the basis of objective
harm. The degrees of personal dangerousness should be considered on the basis of subjective circumstances and follow the
principle of behavior person criminal law. The substantive standards of death penalty with reprieve should be implemented by
the assessment of degrees of dangerousness of offenders and in accordance to judicial interpretation or guiding cases promulgated
by the Supreme Court.