《格古要论》和明代的文物鉴定学

曹昭的《格古要论》，作为我国第一部较为系统的文物鉴定学著作，曾在当时和后世产生过重大的影响，四库馆臣对其有很高的评价，然而现代学术界却尚未有人对其作过深入研究，揭示其在学术史上的地位与价值。此外，传统的古器物学，何以在明代出现了由金石铭文研究向器物鉴定、辨伪研究的转变，这一转变反映了何种学术倾向和社会风尚，这些本应在中国学术史上受到重视的问题，也罕有论及。本文对曹昭及《格古要论》的学术地位与价值作了比较深入而全面的分析、论述，揭示了文物鉴定学在明代长足发展的原因及其在后世文物博物馆学界的影响，并藉以指出了明代学术史以及明代文人心态中某些较少为人注意的方面，希望人们对明代文化总体面貌有较全面的认识。

GeGu YaoLun and Identification of Cultural Relics in M ing Dynasty

eGu YaoLun by Cao Zhao,which ,as the first all round works on identification of cultural relics in China,received favourable comment s from Qing official scholars,had a great influence in Chinese history.However,i t has hardly been studied profoundly and appraised by contemporary scholars. Why did the main trend of antiques studies turned from Epigraphy into identificatio n of cultural relics during Ming Dynasty,and what did this change reflect? Thes e are important problems but have hardly been explained either. This article dis cusses the academic position,value and influence of GeGu YaoLun,explains the reason why the studies of identification of cultural relics developed quickly i n Ming Dynasty and points out some features of Ming scholars,to which contempora ry scholars pay less attention. In this sense,the treatise serves to make up the full view of Ming culture.