宋朝的农业管理机构

中国自古以农立国,管理农业是国家的基本职能之一。宋朝统治者对农业相当重视,从中央到地方一系列机构均负有农业管理的职能。中央农业管理机构方面,在元丰官制改革之前主要为三司,在此之后主要为户部、工部、都水监、司农业寺。宋朝地方实行州、县二级行政机构。在州县二级地方机构中,负责农业管理的主要官员为知州和通判、知县(县令)与县丞。路级监司如转运司、提点刑狱司、提举常平司与安抚司亦负有农业的职责,此为宋代农业管理机构不同于前代的显著特点之一。

Agricultural Management Organizations of Song Dynasty

China has been a farming country since ancient times,and agricultural management is one of the basic functions of the country.The rulers in Song Dynasty paid much attention to agriculture,so organizations of agricultural management were established in different places of various levels from central to local authorities.The central agricultural management organizations were mainly Sansi(three departments of the state financial commission)before the Yuanfeng Official Reform and later Hubu(census bureau),Gongbu(public work),Dushuijian(Directorate of Waterways) and Sinongsi(agricultural department).The local authorities of Song Dynasty implemented the secondary administration at two levels of state and of county.In such a level of administration,the main officials responsible for agricultural management were Zhizhou(state magistrate) and Tongpan(an official under county magistrate who administers lawsuit,etc),Zhixian(county magistrate) and Xiancheng(assistants of county magistrate).Tour-inspection departments such as transportation department,judicial department and others shouldered the duty of agricultural management,which marked one of the most striking features of agricultural management organization of Song Dynasty that were different from those of the previous dynasties.