考虑能源环境因素的中国区域绿色生产率及其提升路径分析

能源短缺、环境污染已成为制约我国经济增长的重要瓶颈。现有研究地区生产效率的国内外文献大多未同时考虑能源和环境因素，且未能剥离外部效应及随机误差对效率值的影响。为了克服这一缺陷，采用加入能源环境因素的三阶段 DEA 模型对我国各地区绿色生产率进行实证分析。研究发现：在对投入变量进行三阶段调整后，整体绿色生产效率、纯技术效率、规模效率均发生了不同程度的变化，若不剔除外部效应和随机因素的影响，将导致各地区纯技术效率被低估，规模效率被高估；除江苏、山东、四川三省外，绝大多数省份处于规模报酬递增或不变阶段，很多企业并未实现规模经济；从各区域的情况看，华中地区的绿色生产率水平最高，西南地区次之，西北地区最低，传统的将西南地区和西北地区统一作为西部地区处理的方式，掩盖了两者的差异。在此基础上，提出了推进产业转型升级、促进中小企业适度规模发展、加强地区绿色合作的政策建议。

Analysis of Regional Green Productivity and Its Upgrading Path in China by Considering the Energy and Environment Factor

Energy shortages,environmental pollution has become a major bottleneck restricting eco-nomic growth in China.Among the researches on the area production efficiency at home and abroad, most of them did not consider the energy and environment factor,and did not strip the influence of en-vironmental effects and random errors on the efficiency value.To overcome this shortcoming,we used three-stage DEA model by adding energy and environment factor to analyze the green productivity effi-ciency of different regions.We found that after a three-phase adjustment to the input variables,the overall productivity efficiency,pure technical efficiency,scale efficiency have undergone varying de-grees of change without discounting external effects and random factors,and it will lead to pure tech-nical efficiency of each undervalued region,and scale efficiency is overvalued.In addition to Jiangsu, Shandong and Sichuan,most provinces stay in the stage of increasing or the same returns to scale, and many companies did not achieve economies of scale.Looking at the situation from all regions,the efficiency of central region is the highest,followed by the southwest region of China,and the north-west is the lowest.The unity of the southwest and the Northwest Territories,as a way to deal with the western region,obscures the difference between the two.On this basis,we proposed the policy rec-ommendations to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading,to moderately expand the scale of small and medium enterprises and to strengthen regional green cooperation.