民初交通部的干路国有政策评析

民初交通部推行干路国有政策,在短短两三年内即有别于清末而一举取得成功,此中因由,首要的因素是得益于交通部对局势的准确把握;而交通部有能力顺利推行干路国有政策。与该部关系至为密切的总统府秘书长、交通系首要梁士诒的影响巨大;此外,袁世凯与孙中山的作用不可低估。民初干路国有政策虽然取得了成功,可问题依然存在,主要集中体现为民股偿还中的尾欠问题。尾欠之外,交通部在自我定位方面也缺乏现代意识,以致干路国有政策难以彻底贯彻落实。总体看来,交通部所推行的干路国有政策符合现代化的发展需要,其中所存在的问题正是我们解释为什么民初经济发展中的不发展的钥匙。过去学界只重视、肯定民间实业,忽视政府视角,乃“商办情结”在作祟,以及革命史范式的制约,并不足取。

Comments on the State-Owned Railways Policy of the Ministry of Communications in the Early Period of the Republic of China

The state-owned railways policy carried out by the Ministry of Communications in the Early Period of the Republic of China had achieved remarkable success within two or three years,which was different from the late Qing Dynasty.There are three main reasons for this: the primary reason is the good grasp of the situation by the Ministry of Communications;in addition,Liang Shi-yi who was the Secretary-General of the Presidential Office and the chief of the traffic faction played an important role;furthermore,the impact of Yuan Shi-kai and Sun Yat-sen should not be underestimated.Despite the success of the state-owned railways policy,some problems still exist: the main problem was the tail owe problem in reimbursement for civil shares;moreover,the Ministry of Communications had a lack of modern consciousness in self-positioning,causing the state-owned railways policy to be difficult to implement thoroughly.Generally speaking,the state-owned railways policy carried out by the Ministry of Communications in the Early Period of the Republic of China had met the needs of the development of modernization,and this needed to be concerned and researched by academic circles.The practice of ignoring the influence of the government while paying much attention to civil industries in academic circles in the past was out of place.