可持续发展理念的历史演进及其当前困境探析

1987年,随着 《我们共同的未来》 报告的问世,可持续发展理念在全球传播开来.追根溯源,18世纪的森林可持续产量理念、20世纪的资源保护思想以及在对其反思基础上产生的土地伦理,奠定了可持续发展理念的理论基础;而二战后高速开展的工业化和现代化进程造成地球生态环境的急剧恶化,引发学界以及国际社会对发展与环境关系的重新思考,进而直接推动了可持续发展理念的问世.在可持续发展理念得到世界范围的认可和推广的同时,其固有的理论缺陷以及难以消除的人类中心主义色彩,使其在解决具体的环境和生态问题时无法实现预定的目标.面对愈演愈烈的生态危机,可持续发展理念应当借鉴生态中心主义的基本准则,追求人类内部以及与其他物种的生态正义,最终创建一个人与自然和谐相处的环境友好型宜居社会.

The Historical Evolution of the Concept of Sustainable Development and the Current Difficulties It Faces

Since the publication of Our Common Future in 1987 the concept of sustainable development has spread globally. Basically the concept of sustained yield for forest brought up in the 18th century and the resource conservation thoughts in the 20th century from which the land ethic arose lay the theoretical foundation for sustainable development. Eventually the dramatic ecological degradation caused by high-speed industrialization and modernization after World War II and the academic and international reconsideration on the relation of development and environment directly led to the formation of the concept of sustainable development. Despite its worldwide acceptance this concept has its innate drawbacks and the anthropocentric features making it hard to achieve the perceived goals of dealing with certain environmental and ecological issues. With the appearances of more and more severe ecological crises the concept of sustainable development ought to learn from the principles of eco-centric ethics pursue ecological justice within human society and with other species and ultimately build an environmental friendly and livable society where man and nature co-exist very well.