共享单车爆棚与中国城市空间结构问题

针对中国城市管理中遇到的同一地点共享单车数量过多、集中无序摆放妨碍正常的交通空间的现象和问题，对共享单车在深圳、杭州等地出现的爆棚现象进行分析，以中国的城市空间功能分区和城市空间结构等为中心进行了研究，并同日本、美国等进行了比较论证。研究认为，中国城市空间功能分区的产生发展主要由行政部门规划和设计，通过国际比较发现，中国城市的公园、医院等功能点单个规模大且总数少，空间分布稀疏，这样分布的功能点需要人们付出较多的空间移动来满足多种需求，容易导致短时期内人口与交通集聚，增加了交通运输量，造成交通爆棚现象；中国城市建成区的平均人口密度远大于日本和美国，但居住用地和交通用地在城市建设用地中比重远低于日本和美国，中国城市中的人均交通空间严重不足，共享单车在一定程度上挤占了原本紧张的城市交通空间；解决共享单车爆棚问题，不仅需要经营者改进技术，提高运营与维护能力，而且需要在城市空间规划时，扩大居住和交通用地比重，缩小医院、商场、公园等单个功能点的规模，增加总体数量，避免同样需求的人过度汇集于同一场所，均衡布置城市土地、人口、生产生活空间的结构，并适时调整和改善。

The boom of sharing bicycles and Chinese urban spatial structure

The boom of sharing bicycles brought some problems for Chinese urban management, such as overabundance of sharing bicycles, and disorder of sharing bicycles’ placing, which interferes normal traffic space. In order to solve these problems, this paper analyzed the boom of sharing bicycles in Shenzhen and Hangzhou, and studied Chinese urban spatial function division and urban spatial structure in comparison with that of Japan and America. The results show that Chinese urban spatial function division is planned and designed mainly by government. By comparison with other countries, Chinese urban spatial function points such as parks and hospitals are large-scale, widely spaced and very small in quantity. These distribution characteristics require that people make more spatial movements to satisfy their needs, which may lead to short-term concentration of people and traffic, the increase of traffic volume and even the traffic explosion. The density of Chinese urban built-up areas is much larger than that of Japan and America, while the weight of the land for residence and transportation in urban development land is much lower than that of Japan and America. Therefore, Chinese urban per capita traffic space is scarce, and the occupied space of sharing bicycles makes urban traffic space tighter. To solve the explosion of sharing bicycles, the operators must improve their and technology operation ability, and in urban spatial planning, the weight of residence and transportation land must be enlarged while the scale of single function points such as hospital, shopping mall, and park must be reduced and the quantity must be increased to avoid the concentration of the people with same needs. In addition, the structure of urban land, population, and production and living space should be evenly arranged with timely adjustment and improvement.