后非遗时代民族医药跨界发展与知识产权保护

《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》（以下简称《非遗法》）对民族医药的保护体现着知识产权行政保护的制度逻辑，但在后非遗时代，如何提升民族医药可持续发展能力，并实现经济发展方式转变已成为需要研究的问题，对民族医药非物质文化遗产（以下简称“非遗”）知识产权行政保护的制度逻辑、内在要求与保护目标进行分析与理论总结。研究认为，非物质形态的民族医药文化表现形式是知识财产，从法律属性中受知识产权制度调整，但现有法律在民族医药文化与民族医药文化表现形式的权利归属、权利内容以及在民族医药的非遗保护等方面均存在司法保护不足的问题；为提升民族医药文化财产的传承与发展的质量，以及参与市场的竞争力，民族医药需要从“文化遗产”单一结构向“文化遗产、文化产品和服务、知识产权”三位一体的财产结构转变，并形成货物贸易、服务贸易和知识产权贸易等多种创新发展方式，利用新载体与新传播方式进行跨界发展，积极开发文化衍生产品和服务，推动民族医药文化表现形式资源与其他资源跨界整合集聚，用跨界发展实现财产结构转变；后非遗时代对民族医药知识产权行政保护工作的重心应该由“保存、保护”向“知识产权促进”转移，提升民族医药自主知识产权的研究和运用能力，适时制定地方性民族医药单行条例，打造和保护民族医药品牌，推动民族医药知识产权贸易与融资。

Cross-border development and intellectual property protection of national medicine in the post-intangible cultural heritage era

The Intangible Cultural Heritage Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Intangible Cultural Heritage Law") protects the national medicine which embodies the institutional logic of administrative protection of intellectual property rights. But in the post-intangible cultural heritage era, how to promote the sustainable development of national medicine and how to achieve the transformation of the economic development mode have become the problems need to be studied. This paper analyzed and theoretically summarized the institutional logic, internal requirements and protection objectives of administrative protection of intellectual property rights to the national medicine intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter referred to as "Intangible Cultural Heritage "). The results show that the expression form of non-material form of national medicine culture is intellectual property, which is regulated by the intellectual property system from the legal attribute. However, the existing laws have the problem of lack of judicial protection on rights attribution and rights content in the national medicine culture and the national medicine culture expression form as well as the intangible cultural heritage protection of national medicine. In order to improve the quality of the inheritance and development of national medicinal cultural property and the market competitiveness, the national medicine needs to transit from the single structure of "cultural heritage" to the three aspects of property structure, including "cultural heritage, cultural products and services and intellectual property". It also needs to form various innovative development methods of trade in goods, trade in services and intellectual property trade, use new carriers and new transmission mode to carry out cross-border development, and actively develop cultural derivative products and services to promote the cross-border integration agglomeration of national medicine cultural expression resources and other resources by means of cross-border development to achieve property structure transformation. The focus of administrative protection on intellectual property rights of national medicine should be transferred from "preservation and protection" to "promotion of intellectual property rights" in the post-intangible cultural heritage era. The research and application of independent intellectual property rights of national medicine should be promoted, and the local national medicine regulations also should be formulated timely, which can build and protect the national medicine brand to promote the national medicine intellectual property trade and financing.