丝绸之路经济带建设与中国非物质文化遗产立法保护

丝绸之路经济带建设为沿线丰富的非物质文化遗产发展带来机遇与挑战，但中国对非物质文化遗产的立法保护方面还不健全,通过对中国西北和西南9省市区的相关法律法规的梳理分析，结合国际上与非物质文化遗产相关的保护经验进行研究。研究认为，应转变立法理念，由政府本位转为社会本位，加强私权保护机制；对文化资源向文化资产的转化进行探讨，在保护、传承非物质文化遗产的基础上形成可持续、兼具文化与经济效益的利益共享化价值；结合非物质文化遗产的法律属性，在赋予传承人知识产权的同时还应赋予不同的权利范围，均衡处理社区与群体之间、公众与传承人之间的利益诉求；完善非物质文化遗产的利用许可制度，明确传承人在利用非物质文化遗产方面的权利和义务；利用发展文化产业促进非物质文化遗产社会效益和经济效益共赢；加大政府、企业、公共组织的基金投入力度，多渠道筹措非物质文化遗产的保护资金；完善传承人权利救济机制，构建丝绸之路经济带区域非物质文化遗产的公益保护基金、公益诉讼等特殊法律保护制度。

Perfection of Chinese intangible culture heritage legislative protection in the construction of Silk Road Economic Belt

Silk Road Economic Belt brings the opportunities for the development of rich intangible cultural heritage along it. However, Chinese legislative law is not perfect for the protection of intangible cultural heritage. This paper analyzed the relevant laws and regulations of 9 provinces in Chinese northwest and southwest areas and studied Chinese intangible cultural heritage protection based on international experiences. The results show that we must change our concept of legislation from government standard to social standard and strengthen the protection mechanism of private rights. As to the transformation from the cultural resource to cultural assets , we should form the sustainable value sharing both cultural and economic benefits based on the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. Not only intellectual property of inheritors but also their scope of rights should be given by considering the legal nature of intangible cultural heritage. The interest demand between community and the masses and between the public and inheritors should be dealt well with. The license system of intangible cultural heritage should be perfected, specifying the rights and duties of inheritors in the utilization of intangible cultural heritage. The development of cultural industries can be used to promote the win-win relation between social benefit and economic benefit of intangible cultural heritage. Government, enterprises, and public organizations should invest more on the fund of intangible cultural heritage protection. The remedy system for inheritor’s rights should be improved to establish special legal protection system for the intangible cultural heritage within the Silk Road Economic Zone.