多元性别身份构建中的操演和戏仿

针对朱迪斯·巴特勒的性别操演理论问题，对她的著作及其他研究进行文献分析。研究认为，朱迪斯·巴特勒将性别身份构建视为反复操演的的流动状态，是一种对文化所发出的性别指令做出的响应，该理论颠覆了传统性别身份的建构概念，使得框架下性别特征的参数都能得到自由组合；进而重塑规范，以此探讨生理性别的文化建构性，分析性别操演内涵的三个维度表征，话语权的操控是性别操演理论的语言维度，其规范话语生成的性别主体，产生关于性别特征的现实，性别操演的仪式维度指性别身份在时间区间内重复性别规范体系过程中确立的，性别操演的戏剧维度指任何一种社会性别都是不稳定的，表演性质的和去自然化的；审视性别操演理论中的“戏仿”在打破二元传统性别体系中的作用，男性或女性的男性化或女性化行为和意识形态这一性别表达并没有依托性别身份传递出来，将性别范畴扩大化及多样化来实现消解性别，探索解决性别身份问题的有效方式，性别操演理论从解构本体论入手认为性别身份是通过反复操演处于飘忽不定的非静止状态，性别是流动性和过程性的操演行为，是在建构和结构循环中被赋予文化内核，这为身份认知构建提供了新的路径以及多元视角。

Performativity and parody in pluralistic gender identity construction

In view of Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity, this paper analyzed her writings and other researches. The results show that Judith Butler regards the gender identity construction as a mobility state of recurring performativity, which responses to a gender directive issued by culture. This theory subverts the construction concept of traditional gender identity which can freely combine parameters of gender characteristic under the framework. And then it reshapes the norms in order to explore the cultural construction of physiological gender and analyzes the three dimensional characterizations of gender performativity connotation. The manipulation of the discourse power is the language dimension of gender performativity theory, which formulates the gender subject of generated discourse and produces the reality about gender characteristic. The ritual dimension of gender performativity is established in the process of repeating the gender normative system in the time interval of gender identity. And the drama dimension of gender performativity refers to any kind of social gender which is unstable, performing and unnatural. This paper also examines the role of "parody" in the theory of gender performativity in breaking the dualistic traditional gender system. The masculinization or feminization behavior and ideology of male or female are not expressed in terms of gender identity. It widens and diversifies the gender category to achieve the digestion of gender so that it can explore an effective way to solve the problem of gender identity. From the deconstruction of the ontology, the gender performativity theory takes gender identity as an erratic non-static state by means of recurring performativity. Gender is the performativity behavior of mobility and process and is given a cultural core in the construction and structural cycle, which provides a new approach and multiple perspectives for identity cognition construction.