社会语言学视野下的话语困境及其话语治疗

话语作为社会语言学的一个重要概念,是话语主体间实现有效交流的首要载体,其最显性的功能就在于话语主体对彼此之间表达意义的共同理解。但是,这种理解的有效实现并不完全依赖于话语内容的准确性和主体知识结构的丰隘,而更决定于话语间性的张力度:张力太大,则抑制话语功能的有效实现;张力太小,则主体之间就会失去交流的意义。话语间性在话语实践中主要有三种表现形式:一是符号差异性;二是主体间性;三是语境间性。虽然,话语间性在话语实践过程中更多地表现为一个社会学问题或者语言学问题,但是它的逻辑根源却只能在哲学认识论那里寻求到存在的合法性。话语间性的存在使得话语主体的话语实践更显得丰富多彩,但其衍生的符号异化、文本冲突和话语霸权等问题却使得主体间表达意义的理解受到阻碍。因此,如何把握话语间性的两重性,突破话语间性的两难选择,就成为主体间达于共同理解的关键所在。

The Discourse Predicament and the Way out within a Sociolinguistic Frame

Discourse,an important concept in sociolinguistics,chiefly serves as a tool for intersubjective communication,the realization of which,however,lies not only in the accuracy of the discourse and the rich knowledge of the subject,but also in the force of the interdiscoursivity.There are mainly three kinds of interdiscoursivities:intersymbols,intersubjectivity and intertextuality.The paper claims that the cause for the existence of interdiscoursivity is not a linguistic or sociological issue,but a philosophical issue.The existence of interdiscoursivity enriches the discourse practice of the subjects on one hand,and hinders the acquisition of the discourse meaning on another hand.Therefore,this paper aims to find a solution to realize the consistency of the intersubjective communication.