论侵权责任方式之间的内在体系——解读《侵权责任法》第15条

《侵权责任法》第15条规定了八种最主要的侵权责任承担方式，而这些责任可以根据其功能上的不同分为防御型责任和补救型责任，两者各自独立，互不影响，构成了民事权益保护的并行轨道。但在补救型责任内部，又可以分为金钱责任（赔偿损失）和非金钱责任（返还财产、恢复原状、赔礼道歉和消除影响）两种方式，两者在一定程度上具有相互替代性。基于民事责任的救济性，债权人在责任承担的方式上虽有一定选择权，但亦受经济合理性的限制。

On the essential associations of Tort Liabilities

§ 15 of Tort Liability Law of the PRC provides for eight main tortious liabilities, which can be divided into injunction and compensation on the basis of their function＇s differences. These two categories, independent of each other, consist of double-track system of civil rights＇ protections. As far as the compensation concerned, there are two parts, namely damages （compensation for losses） and non-pecuniary liabilities （returning of property, restoration to the original status, apologysing, and elimination of consequences and restoration of reputation）, which are to some extent alternative and substitutable for each. However, based on the complementarity, the victim＇s option right should be constrained by the economic reasonableness.