民国时期苏联农业技术向中国的转移及其影响

民国时期苏联农业技术通过官方聘请苏联专家、派遣留学生、进出口贸易,以及两国侨民移居、兴办企业、边民往来等途经向中国转移,内容主要包括知识、经验和农业机械、良种等的技术要素。这些技术比较适合中国农业自然条件和生产需要,应用推广改造传统农业增产增收,引起产业结构调整和人民消费结构改善,促进机械化、集约化、商品化进而推进了区域农业近代化。同时,在一些方面为新中国初期引进与推广应用苏联农业技术奠定了初步基础,引进农牧品种改良地方品种,形成杂种群在新中国先后育成一批新品种。

Agricultural Technology Transfer from the Former USSR to China and its Influences during the Republic of China Period

Agricultural technology was transfered from the former USSR to China during the Republic of China period by various means.Russian experts were engaged by Chinese government.Students were sent to the USSR.Other means include import and export trade,immigration and emigration,establishment of enterprises and exchanges between inhabitants of border areas.Technical elements which took the form of knowledge and experience and materialized technical elements were both included in the transfer process.These technologies met with natural conditions and production demand in China.The application and dissemination of these technologies reformed traditional agriculture and increased both production and income.Also industrial structure was restructed and people＇s consumption structure was improved.Mechanization,intensification and commoditization were promoted and regional agriculture modernization was accelerated.Meanwhile,technology transfer in the Republic of China period laid an initial foundation in some aspects for the introduction and dissemination of Russian agricultural technolgy in the early days of the PRC.Local varieties were improved through introducing varieties from the USSR.As a result,a hybrid population came into being and a bunch of new species were bred.