生态批评、城市环境与环境批评

生态批评是劳伦斯.布依尔十余年来的研究重点。程相占提出有两种生态批评：一种可以称为＂生态文学批评＂,它是一种文学理论或文学批评;另外一种可以称为＂生态文化批评＂,它的主要目的是重新考察某种文化传统对于自然的态度、对于环境的文化构建。劳伦斯.布依尔则认为二者的区分并不明确,他从理论上总结了生态批评运动的主要趋势和几种研究方式,指出第二阶段的生态批评日益将其基础放置在＂环境正义（公平）＂的伦理范式上。程相占认为生态批评最初关心的是自然或自然环境问题,但考虑到城市和都市区域是最大的人建环境,＂环境批评＂这个术语包容的对象范围更宽广。劳伦斯.布依尔的主要著作之所以都采用＂环境批评＂术语,原因之一在于他对城市环境的重视,其研究与环境美学有着一致之处。

Ecocriticism, Urban Environments and Environmental Criticism

Lawrence Buell has been focusing on eco-criticism during the past decade.Cheng Xiangzhan proposes there are two kinds of eco-criticisms: one may be called Ecological Literary Criticism, a kind of ecocritical literary theory,another may be called Ecological Cultural Criticism, which takes on the task of reexamining a culture's attitudes toward nature through examining cultural constructions of environment.Buell does not find so clear-cut a distinction between the two.He discusses the history of the movement ...