农业补贴政策对农户耕地保护行为的影响研究

针对现阶段我国的粮食直补、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴和农资综合补贴四项农业补贴政策,在理论分析了农户耕地保护行为对农业补贴政策的响应,并运用"江西省农业补贴与农户耕地耕种变化"专题调研的390份问卷,实证研究了农业补贴政策对农户耕地保护行为的影响。结果表明:农业补贴政策的实施,对农业机械化提高、低毒农药的使用、先进农业技术的运用有一定促进作用,但对劳动力投入天数、农田基础设施投入、种植绿肥面积和施用农家肥基本没有发挥作用;粮食直补对促进低毒农药的使用和农业先进技术的应用有显著的影响,但对兼业农户的低毒农药的使用影响远大于专业农户,对专业农户的先进农业技术的使用影响要大于兼业农户;良种补贴对专业农户和兼业农户的先进农业技术使用都有显著影响,对专业农户的激励作用要大于兼业农户;农机具购置补贴对专业农户和兼业农户的农业化水平提高都有显著影响,对专业农户的促进作用明显大于兼业农户。研究最后提出了完善农业补贴政策的几点建议:改变福利式的农业补贴形式,整合资金形成合力;针对农户耕地保护的具体行为表现,找准农业补贴政策的切入点;减少政策实施运行成本,增强政策的可操作性;健全公众参与机制,充分尊重农户的意见。

Effect of Agricultural Subsidy Policy on Farmers＇ Behavior to Protect Cultivated Land

First a theoretical analysis was conducted about farmers＇ behavior in response to subsidy poli- cies to protect cultivated land, including grain subsidies, good seed subsidies, farm machinery purchase subsidy and thc comprehensive agricultural subsidies.Taking the 390 copies of the questionnaire from the special inves- tigation of ＂Jiangxi Province＇ s agricultural subsidies and changes in agricultural land farming＂, the effect of agricultural subsidy policies on the behavior of farmers to protect cultivated land was empirically studied.The results show that：the implementation of agricultural subsidy policies has improved the use of agricultural mech- anization, low toxicity pesticide and advanced agricultural technology although the effect is different between professional farmers and part-time farmers.Some suggestions to perfect agricultural subsidy policies were put forward including changing the welfare form of agricultural subsidies, improving the policy execution mode and reducing the operation cost, setting up the public participation mechanism and respecting farmers＇ opinion.