合约回收制对闭环供应链影响分析

为了提高再制造闭环供应链的运作效率,文章设计了新的回收方式——合约回收制,并研究了这种回收方式对消费者、企业和整体供应链的影响。在新产品和再造品同时存在的混合市场前提下,文章主要讨论了制造商(M模式)、经销商(R模式)和第三方回收商(3P模式)各自为回收再造主体时,合约回收制对产品定价、回收率、行业规模等因素的影响。研究结果表明:(1)消费者受益于合约回收制;(2)合约回收制壮大了闭环供应链的规模;(3)回收率与再造品评价成正比,与新产品评价成反比,其中R模式和3P模式中回收率因合约回收制而提高;(4)制造商均受益于合约回收制,但经销商和第三方需满足部分条件才可获益。

Closed-loop Supply Chain with Contract-recycling System

In order to raise the recovery rate and improve operational efficiency in remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain, this paper theoretically constructs contract-recycling system. Through this system, the recovery condition will be improved while urging enterprises obtaining more benefits and we hope to enhance consumer recycling awareness and behavior, and thus solve the existing problem of recovery information asymmetry. In considering the basic premise that both new and remanufactured products are sold in the market and different products recognition does exist, the impact is mainly discussed that the contract-recycling system will bring to the scale of industry,recovery rate and pricing with manufacturers(M mode), retailers(R mode) and the third-party recyclers(3P mode) as the main body respectively. A mathematical model is built to, solve the optimal solution of the model through Kuhn Tucker's theorem, then use the mathematical derivation and mathematical simulation are carried on, and finally proposals or comments for government, consumers and firms optimal decisions are proposed. Researches show that: consumers benefit from the contract-recycling system;contract-recycling system strengthens the scale of the closed-loop supply chain;the recovery rate of used products is in proportion to the evaluation of remanufactured products and inversely proportional to that of new products, and the recovery rate will definitely raise in model R and model 3P due to the contract-recycling system; manufacturers always profit from contract-recycling system, but retailers and the third-party recyclers do conditionally. A certain reference for the contract relationship between enterprises and consumers is provided, and a certain contribution for the protection of consumer rights and the improvement of the operation efficiency of remanufacturing industry are made.