从国外航空工业补贴政策谈中国产业补贴策略

中国目前实施的一些产业补贴在方式和用语上极易被理解为出口补贴和进口替代补贴,相关产业和企业面临着被指控为违反WTO补贴规则的可能。美国、欧盟和巴西对航空工业有较系统的补贴政策,但在政策实施中也有争端。我国要建立一套既不违背产业成长规律又与WTO补贴与反补贴规则兼容的产业补贴机制应借鉴国外经验并吸取教训,在调整我国加入WTO后的产业补贴方式和对策上,完善法规文件,推动技术创新,加大补贴隐蔽性,建立政府采购政策,实行政府间接补贴。

A discussion of industrial subsidy policy in China compared with those in western countries

In the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), subsidies are classified into three categories red or prohibited, yellow or actionable, and green or non-actionable. As a response to each category of subsidies the Agreement provides different remedies. This paper examines some subsidies practice conducted in the United States, European Union, and Brazil for their civilian aircraft industry and attempts to provide a workable pattern adjusting China's subsidy policy under the rules of WTO and ASCM. Suggestions were proposed as to how to perfect regulations and files, how to promote technology innovation, how to strengthen the covert subsidies, how to establish the governmental purchase policy and how to realize an indirect subsidization by the government.