技术引进来源地对地区技术结构的影响——基于长三角与珠三角技术等级和技术类型的比较研究

长三角与珠三角的经济发展具有明显的外向型特征,技术引进来源地的不同可能是其技术结构差异的重要原因.将技术结构分为技术等级(全要素生产率)和技术类型(技术进步偏向)两个维度,分析长三角和珠三角的技术结构;将技术引进来源地区分为港澳台地区和其他地区(发达国家),分析不同来源地的技术溢出(进口技术溢出和FDI技术溢出)对长三角和珠三角技术结构的影响,结果表明:以20世纪90年代为分界点,珠三角的技术等级从高于长三角转为低于长三角;长三角的技术类型为资本偏向型,而珠三角的技术类型为劳动偏向型;来源于发达国家的技术溢出促进了长三角技术等级的提升,并使其技术类型朝资本偏向型方向发展;来源于港澳台地区的技术溢出抑制了珠三角技术等级的提升,且使其技术类型朝劳动偏向型方向发展.不同来源地的技术引进对地区技术结构有不同的影响,各地区应根据自生的产业发展需求和要素禀赋结构选择适配的引进技术,并增强自主研发能力,以促进地区技术进步和产业发展.

Influence of Source of Technology Introduction on Regional Technical Structure—Comparative Analysis Based on Technical Grade and Technical Classification between the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta

The economic development of the Yangtze River delta and Pearl River delta has significant export-oriented feature, and the difference in the sources of technology introduction is the important reason for their technical structure. This paper divides technical structure into technical grade(total factor productivity) and technical type(technical progress biased) to analyze the technical structure of the Yangtze River delta and the Pearl River delta,and classifies the sources of technology introduction into Hong Kong, Macro, Taiwan and other developed states to analyze the influence of technical spillover from different sources(import technical spillover and FDI technical spillover) on the technical structure of the Yangtze River delta and the Pearl River delta,the result shows that in 1990s for the cut-off point,the technical level of the Pearl River delta is changed from above to below the Yangtze River delta. The technical type of the Yangtze River delta is the capital biased while the Pearl River delta technical type is labor biased. The technical spillover from the developed states promotes the technical upgrading of the Yangtze River delta and makes technical type develop towards capital biased direction while the technical spillover from Hong Kong,Macro and Taiwan inhibits the technical upgrading of the Pearl River delta and makes its technical type develop towards labor biased direction. The technical introduction from different sources has different impacts on regional technical structure, therefore, different places should selectively introduce the technologies according to their industrial development demand and factor endowment structure, and improve self R&D ability to boost technical progress and industrial development.