义务·建构·理性--罗尔斯与康德政治伦理观之比较

罗尔斯深受康德的影响,他曾把自己的理论称为关于正义的一个"康德主义的解释".但是,他对来自康德的许多概念、方法和思想进行了限制或新的解释.这导致他的理论既有一副与康德相似的面孔,又有许多内在的差别.他们都主张义务论,但康德主张理性义务论,罗尔斯主张契约义务论;他们都使用建构主义方法,但康德建构的是普遍的道德原则,罗尔斯建构的是政治正义原则;两个人都有"理性"设准,但康德认合理性为一元的,罗尔斯认合理性为多元的.

Duty,Constructivism,Reason--A Comparative Study on Rawls and Kant

Rawls' theory of justice was strongly influenced by Kant. At one time he wrote that his theory 'is highly Kantian in nature'. On the other hand, he made many amendments and restriction on concepts and ideas coming from Kant. So there were differences between the two philosophers. Kant thought that duty originates from reason, while Rawls thought that it originates from contracts. Kant argued for moral constructivism, while Rawls argued for political constructivism. Kant held the reason to be monistic, while Rawls held the reason to be plural.