陈确的人性论探析

陈确论学继承其师刘宗周"一性"的学说,反对宋儒强分天地之性与气质之性,认为气、情、才即性,它们均有善无恶,并不是像宋儒说的气质之性是恶的根源;他为了从理论上解决人生界恶的来源,提出人习于恶则为恶;另外,陈确企图回避对人性作一先天的预设,认为人必须通过后天的修养扩充才能性全,这样他的人性论不同于宋儒的先天人性论,表现出宋明理学的转型,可以说陈确是自觉承担了宋明理学的自我批判与自我调整。

On Chen Que's View of Human Nature

Chen Que inherited what his teacher LiuZongzhou had insisted human has only one kind of nature,and objected to the division of the nature of heaven and the nature of gas.In his opinion,the human nature is composed of gas and emotion and ability,which are not evil but good and not the origination of evil.In order to explain the orignation of evil,he pointed out that human's evil cames from habit.Moreover,Chen Que attempted to get around to make a prepossession to establish the human nature,and thought that man has to accomplish and enlarge his nature in his life,then he may have complete nature.In a word,his theory differs from the inborn human nature theory and expresses a transformation of the neuconfucian in Song and Ming Dinasties,Chen Que was aware of undertaking the judgment and adjustment of the neuconfucian in Song and Ming Dinasties.