近代以来中国乡村基层政权的三次转型

由清末到国民政府垮台时期的第一次社会转型中,传统士绅的衰落与基层政权的建设相互影响,结果是基层政权的"内卷化",乡村社会出现了动荡和混乱,国家陷入了总体性危机;由中华人民共和国成立到"文化大革命"结束时期的第二次社会转型中,国家成功地将政权的触角延伸至基层农村,以各种手段形成了对农村的强力制约,即使如此,基层社会也并未完全丧失自身的行动能力;当前第三次社会转型下处于改革进程中的乡村基层政权,由于国家权力的部分分权显示出了更大的弹性和自主性,在与各方利益的互动中形成了自身独立的利益追求,所引发的问题值得我们进一步的关注。

The Three Changes of China''''s Rural Regimes in Modern Times

In the first change from the late Qing dynasty to the end of Kuomintang rule,the traditional gentlemen and grass roots regimes influenced each other,leading to turbulence and chaos.In the second change from 1949 when the People's Republic of China was founded to the end of "Cultural Revolution" in 1976,the State restricted every corner of rural areas successfully and strongly.Now is the third change,and the rural regimes have been in the process of reform with more flexibility and independence,but some problems should be paid attention to by authorities concerned.