论产品售后义务——兼评《侵权责任法》第46条

要求生产商对已经投入市场的产品负担售后义务是中国《侵权责任法》的一大突破.售后义务起源于严格责任下对发展风险抗辩的矫正,具有预防损害和保护消费者安全的重要功能.售后义务以生产商知道或者应当知道产品具有缺陷为产生的条件,至于缺陷存在的时点(售前抑或售后)则不影响售后义务的成立.违反售后义务所产生的侵权责任属于过错责任,生产商不得主张发展风险抗辩.关于受害者赔偿请求权除斥期间的规定不应在违反售后义务的侵权责任案件中适用.

Discussion on post-sale duties:Comments on article 46 of torts law

It is a breakthrough in Torts Law to impose post-sale duties on manufacturers after products had been put on markets. Post-sale duties are correction of development risk defense under strict liability. It has functions of preventing damage and protecting consumers. That manufacturers know or should know defect of product is the generating condition of post-sale duties. When defect emerges (before sale or after sale) does not affect the establishment of post-sale duties. The tort liability caused by violating post-sale duties belongs to fault liability, and cannot be defended by development risk. The statutes of repose on victim''s right of remedy cannot be applied in suits on violating post-sale duties.