张学良在西安事变中的思想演变探析

西安事变期间，张学良先后历经临潼兵变、应对南京方面武力讨伐、送蒋还京三个重要阶段，由此面临着三次重大思想抉择，形成了从扣蒋、释蒋到送蒋的思想演变历程。引起张学良思想剧烈演变的原因，固然与中共抗日民族统一战线政策的感召以及“共产党的调停，实与有力”有莫大关系，但也不能忽视当时错综复杂历史背景下的非常动因。具体而言，西安事变后国内外近乎“一边倒”的舆论压力与谴责、南京方面武力讨伐派的军事进攻以及由此可能导致的空前严重的内战危机、西安内部在“释蒋”问题上的纷争与严重歧见，都是促成张学良采取断然措施、实现从扣蒋转向释蒋的重要影响因素。对于张学良而言，无论扣蒋、释蒋还是亲自送蒋，都是其爱国主义精神的集中体现。

An Analysis of the Evolution of Zhang Xueliang’s Thoughts in the Xi’an Incident

During three major stages of the Xi’an Incident: mutiny in Lintong，dealing with military punitive expedition by Nanjing and escorting Chiang Kai-shek back to Nangjing，Zhang Xueliang were confronted with major decision making choices: detaining Chiang，releasing Chiang and escorting Chiang. The evolution of Zhang Xueliang’s mentality obviously was related with the inspiration of the strategy of CPC’s anti-Japanese national united front and its very effective mediation. But the complicated social environment then cannot be ignored either. Specifically，after the Xi’an Incident，the almost one-sided public pressure，the military punitive expedition by Nanjing and the possible serious civil war，and internal disagreements on whether to release Chiang were all important factors that drove Zhang Xueliang to finally release Chiang. Zhang’s decisions at each of the three stages were an embodiment of his patriotism.