"技艺与德岂可分两事":唐顺之之实学及其转向的思想史意义

从明代中后期开始,学术思想界开始出现将儒家的道德哲学与经世意识相结合,"体用并重"、"内圣外王兼治"的思想趋向,并形成涌动一时的实学思潮.在明代学术思想的这个嬗变历程当中,唐顺之的学术思想及实践,具有重要的思想史意义.尤其是唐顺之"道器不二"、"技艺与德岂可分两事"的实学思想阐述,在赋予形下意义的"技艺"之形上理论说明的同时,也使得原本在儒家意识中处于紧张的"德"与"技艺"得到了缓解,在对后世产生深远影响的同时,也构成了他在思想史中的特有意义.然而此后唐顺之的思想又发 生了转向,转向于专注于儒家为己之学的内在探求,从而展现了儒家思想在走向近代之途中的困境和局限,而这也是唐顺之学术的另一层的思想史意义.

"Inseparability of Skill and Morality": Tang Shunzhi's Practical Learning and the Significance of Its Turn in the History of Ideas

Since the middle of the Ming dynasty, there had been the combination of Confucian moral philosophy and practical awareness,thus forming the trend of practical learning at that time.In the transmutation process of the academic thinking in the Ming Dynasty,the thoughts and practice of Tang Shunzhi's practical learning is of great significance for the history of ideas.His idea of "the unity of Dao(way) and Qi(instrument)"and "inseparability of skill and morality" offers the under-metaphysical "skill" the metaphysical theoretical explanation and ceased the tension between "skill" and "morality" in Confucianism.This idea is of deep effect upon the later generations and of special significance in the history of ideas.While the afterward turn in Tang's ideas to the inner probe in Confucianism tells us about the puzzledom and limitation of Confucian thinking,which is another significance of Tang's learning in the history of ideas.