朱熹和孟子解读舜之“怨慕”的不同逻辑

对于舜之“怨慕”,朱熹作出了不同于孟子的解读。这是基于心学、理学内在逻辑的不同。孟子作为私学之儒,和孔子一样,是主张士君子的阳刚人格的,并且从性向善的人性论出发,协调义与利、公与私的关系,而以君臣父子关系都属对待关系;依此,将舜之“怨慕”解读为舜对父母的既怨又慕。朱熹则作为官学之儒,以所谓“气质之性”协调理学先驱荀子的性向恶论,以二歧化思维把天地之性、天理绝对化,以公去私,视君臣父子关系则为下对上的绝对服从关系;依此解读,舜之“怨”只能是自怨。

Zhu Xi and Mencius: Logical Differentiation of Shun's "Resentment and Admiration"

Zhu Xi's interpretation of Shun's"resentment and admiration"is different from that of Mencius.This is based on the difference in the inner logic of mind and Neo-Confucianism.Mencius,like Confucius,advocated the masculine personality of a gentleman,and coordinated the relationship between righteousness and interests and between public and private from the perspective of human nature.Therefore,Shun's"resentment and admiration"is interpreted as his resentment and admiration towards his parents.Zhu Xi,on the other hand,as a Confucian official,used the so-called"temperament"to coordinate Xunzi's theory of evil orientation,absolutized the born nature and heavenly principles with dualistic thinking,and regarded the relationship between monarch and minister and between father and son as the absolute obedience relationship between those of lower status and those of higher status.According to this interpretation,Shun's"resentment"could only be self-resentment.