北魏初至北周中的司马楚之家族兴替

北魏初期，司马楚之凭借个人才能及其与鲜卑贵族、皇室的姻亲关系，父子得以世袭王爵，担任云中镇大将、朔州刺史的要职。孝文帝时期，司马楚之家族世袭要职的特权被取消，爵位亦例降为公。司马悦为重振家族，改变了以往的姻亲关系，开始与汉族大族联姻，以抬高家族的地位。北魏末，司马裔归顺西魏（北周）政权，依靠乡里、宗族的势力，屡立功勋，从而受到统治者的宠信，然关东豪族的身份使司马裔最终未能进入西魏（北周）的政权核心或政治中心地区任职。

The Family of Sima Chuzhi in Northern Wei and Zhou Dynasties

In the early Northern Wei Dynasty, Sima chuzhi obtained three generations hereditary positions and prince titles by virtue of personal competency and affinity of Xianbei nobles and the Royal. In the period of Emperor Xiaowen, the hereditary post of privilege was cancelled, and the title down to duke. To revitalize the family, Simayue changed the past affinity and started with Han nationality’s marriage in order to boost family status .At the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Simayi surrendered to the west （the northern Zhou） regime and was trusted by the rulers relying on the village and clan forces and effectiveness. As local tyrant of Guandong, Sima Yi didn’t hold a post at the West Wei Dynasty’s （the West Zhou Dynasty’s） the core of the regime or in political center areas.