浅谈欧洲中世纪大学的独立性

提起中世纪，人们往往用“黑暗”来形容，可大学就在那个时代通过与罗马教会和世俗封建主的不懈斗争才形成并发展起来。大学在长期斗争之后，逐步摆脱教会的统治，开始另立自己的标准，学者从宗教世界被解放出来，进入一个自由的、独立的、争论的、科学的世界。

A Primary Approach to the Independence of Universities in Medieval Europe

Darkness is often used to describe the Middle Age, during which the universities came into being and developed through the successive struggles against the Church of Rome and secular feudal lords. After the long struggle, universities began to set up their own standards and entered a free, independent, argumen tative and scientific world.