从冥府主题释读《理想国》中的诗与哲学之争

《理想国》中诗与哲学之争的本质是二者谁掌握教育雅典民众的权力。统摄全篇的冥府主题隐喻着雅典民众在社会历史发展中遭遇的灵魂危机，提供了诗与哲学之争的现实语境。在承担教育功能以外，诗还镜像地呈现着人类世界的自然现实，其模仿与变化的本质决定了诗教状况将会随灵魂危机一起遭到败坏，哲学教育也面临同样的危险。因此，《理想国》讨论诗哲之争的真正意图并非要使哲学赢得对诗的胜利，而是通过揭示诗与哲学的共同危机促使雅典人认识到自身灵魂的危险处境，从诗教代表的现实世界出发，在朝向理念世界的攀登中完成灵魂的净化。诗与哲学的关系也将在这一过程中由纷争走向融合。

On the Debate Between Poetry and Philosophy in Republic from the Perspective of Hades Theme

The essence of the debate between poetry and philosophy in Republic is who holds the power to educate the Athenian people. The theme of the Hades, which dominates the entire text, is a metaphor for the soul crisis of the Athenian people in their socio-historical development, providing a realistic context for the debate between poetry and philosophy. In addition to its educational function, poetry mirrors the natural reality of the human world, and its nature of imitation and change dictates that poetic education will be corrupted along with the crisis of the soul, and that philosophical education faces the same danger. Therefore, the real intention of the discussion about the debate between poetry and philosophy in Republic is not to win the victory of philosophy over poetry, but to make Athenians realize the dangerous situation of their souls by revealing the common crisis of poetry and philosophy, and to complete the purification of their souls by starting from the real world represented by poetic education and climbing toward the world of ideas. The relationship between poetry and philosophy will also move from strife to integration in this process.