《史记》与传记文学传统的确立

 司马迁在史家实录传统基础上开创了传记文学传统。司马迁本没有文学性的考虑，也没有后世所谓的文学观念。他只是努力将人物写活，抓住人物的精神，从人物的活动、人物在事件中表露的性格及心理，揭露出历史变化的内在因素，并由此表现他对历史的评判。但如何将人物写活，生动，有精神，这本身便开创了纪传文学传统。司马迁深刻的历史思想和过人的史识，使得他的人物传记达到了前无古人，后亦无来者的高度，这个历史思想就是司马迁所说的“究天人之际，通古今之变”，《史记》所运用的文学写作手段，亦从此生发。中国古代文学的发生和发展，正应从此处去深思。
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The Grand Scribe's Records and the Traditional Establishment of Biographical Literature

Based on the historian's tradition of factual records,Sima Qian founded the tradition of biographical literature.Without the literariness in his heart at that time or the so-called literary concept handed down to generations,he just tried to depict his characters vividly.He grasped their spirits,and,from their actions to their displayed personality or psychology,brought forth the intrinsic factor of historical changes,thus representing his judgment of history.But it was how to portray his characters vividly...